SPONDYLOLISTHESIS AND SPONDYLOLYSIS
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These conditions are most commonly degenerative in nature, caused by weakening of ligaments, degenerative disc disease, and joint misalignment. They can also be present from birth. In certain instances when a trauma is involved, an individual can sustain a fracture to the pars interarticularis, a small bone of the spinal canal. When compromised or fractured the spine can become unstable and slippage of the vertebral body can occur. A spondylolysis is when there is a defect in one or both pars interarticularis at each individual level, as well as a slippage of the vertebral body. These diagnoses are typically associated with stenosis.
Spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis are typically diagnosed with radiographic imaging. Treatment includes conservative measures with bracing. If pain is associated, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, physical therapy, home exercises and core strengthening are recommended. The patient will also typically follow up on an annual basis to assess for progression, which can be corrected surgically. If surgical intervention is warranted, it is typically associated with stenosis or significant instability.
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